Do great white sharks change their behaviors in different environments, or do the apex predators follow the same routines regardless of location?
Researchers recently set out to solve this shark puzzle, as they reportedly discovered great white behaviors by attaching smart tags and cameras to their fins.
Great whites adapt their movements and routines based on the specific habitat they’re hunting in, according to the shark scientists.
“The sharks are adapting their movements and routines to suit their local environment, rather than behaving the same way everywhere they’re found,” shark researcher Oliver Jewell said.
In the study, 21 white sharks from small juveniles to large adults were fitted with motion-sensitive biologging tags along the California coast in different environments — offshore islands, coastal headlands, and an inshore cove.
The tags were attached for up to six days at a time and measured swimming depths and body movements, before they detached and floated to the surface.
The California coast provided a unique space to conduct the work, not only because researchers had been studying this specific population for decades, but because the area is home to both juvenile and adult white sharks.
“White sharks visit the same areas of central California year after year, with some seen in the same spot for 30 years or more,” said Jewell, a researcher at the University of Western Australia.
“We were looking to see what shapes their movements and routines while they are there,” Jewell added.
During the day, sharks at all sites were generally more active — swimming up and down the water column, suggesting they were actively searching for prey.
However, sharks showed more active behavior at both dawn and dusk in places where they were thought to feed on fish rather than marine mammals.
“We found the greatest differences in movements were from sharks from different areas, while the size of the shark and time of day were also important,” Jewell said.
It’s important to review the location of a shark when considering why it might be behaving a certain way, the scientist added.
“Hopefully, we can apply the research in a number of ways going forward — we’ve already been tagging more sharks in more areas, and will follow this up with further studies,” Jewell said.
This recent research was a part of Monterey Bay Aquarium’s “Project White Shark” and led by Jewell, a former Murdoch University Ph.D. candidate, with Harry Butler Institute and the School of Environmental and Conservation Sciences — in collaboration with Oregon State University, Stanford University and California State University Monterey Bay.
